Advantages And Disadvantages Of Juveniles - 1016 Words

In our society today, millions of crimes are happening all around the world, with people dying, getting injured, and getting put in jail. Society is very cruel in some people’s eye, because of what happening in the world many people believed that many juveniles are being sentenced and tried unfairly in the court. Many believed that children as young as twelve should be treated differently than an adult who commit the same crime, but that’s not what’s happening today. Young children are not the same as an adult in many ways, so they should not be put in jail for life if they commit a crime. Nobody really deserve to be put into a jail for the rest of their life, especially a young kid. It is injustice to sentenced juveniles, who committed†¦show more content†¦As a result they would most likely be more violent than their old self. But if they are to put in juvenile facility and rehabilitation they will most likely learn from what they did and become a bette r version of themselves. It is not fair for a young children to be tried/convicted as an adult. Another important thing that is important when talking about juvenile crimes is about sentencing juveniles to life in prison. It is unfair for a young kid to suffer such a cruel punishment not knowing what they been to and what their reasons are for committing murder or some other crimes. We all need to look at every possible ways to help and find out why young kids commit crimes then based on that information should be a fair punishment. â€Å"What is clear from the research is that part of the frontal lobes that inhibit reckless actions restructure themselves with startling speed in the teen years. Given this delicate and drastic reshaping of the brain teens need all the help they can get to steer their development on the right path† (Thompson). According to the quote from the text, with many things going on and reshaping in teenage brain can result to many teenagers’s re ckless decisions. This is one reason why the Nation should not considered sentencing juveniles a lifetime in prison. Even everything that’s going on with teenage brain it doesn’t not remove their accountability for committing the crime, but it can be â€Å"used as an evidence that teenagersShow MoreRelatedJuveniles Tried In an Adult Court Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesthis country is divided into two groups when comparing juveniles and adults. One is the Adult Criminal Justice System, and the other is the Juvenile Justice System. The terminology can be very different between the two systems. For instance; if an adult is arrested, they will be subject to a bail hearing. If a juvenile is arrested they must go through a detention hearing. Adults have trials which can be decided by a judge or jury. Juveniles go through a fact finding hearing and don’t receive verdictsRead More French and American Criminal Justice Systems Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagessimil arities, but I will be focusing on the differences between each of their systems. The aspects that I will be comparing are police, courts, the legal profession, legal education, criminal procedural law, corrections, and juvenile justice and the advantages and disadvantages of each. The policing system in France is a lot different than the one in the U.S. In France there is one big centralized police system run by the government. Unlike the fragmented police model, which is found in the UnitedRead MoreComparing France and Us Criminal Justice System Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarities, but I will be focusing on the differences between each of their systems. The aspects that I will be comparing are police, courts, the legal profession, legal education, criminal procedural law, corrections, and juvenile justice and the advantages and disadvantages of each. The policing system in France is a lot different than the one in the U.S. In France there is one big centralized police system run by the government. Unlike the fragmented police model, which is found in the UnitedRead MoreEssay On Juveniles Should Be Tried As Adults949 Words   |  4 PagesKeigen S. Daniels Juvenile Delinquency October 20, 2017 Should Juveniles be Tried as Adults? Should juveniles be tried as adults? In some cases, I believe so. I believe they should be tried as adults if the murder someone. Other crimes they should be tried by the juvenile justice system. When deciding whether or not to try a juvenile as an adult for a particular crime, you need to know everything. Whether or not they have a psychological disadvantage, how they were raisedRead MoreJuvenile Court Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe first juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899. In the late 18th century children as young as seven could stand trial in criminal court and could be sentenced to prison or death. The perception of children was later changed and they were viewed as persons with undeveloped moral and cognitive capacities. This allowed the state of Illinois to intervene in the lives of children providing protection and care or supervision. The mission to help children in trouble was clearly stated in theRead MoreFederalism Is The Power Divided Between The Sta te And National Government1502 Words   |  7 Pagescomes to states making laws. Laws such as how old you need to be to be tried as an adult are decided by the state and some feel that it something as important as that law should be decided nationally, not by the state. Laws as important as when juveniles should be charged as adults are brought into question during cases like the Slender Man stabbing case. The Slender Man stabbing case is a crime that happened back in 2014 when two twelve year old girls tried to kill their classmate, Payton LeutnerRead MoreReducing Recidivism Rate Of Juvenile Offenders1241 Words   |  5 PagesReducing Juvenile Recidivism Jessica D. Pettit The University of Texas at Tyler Abstract This paper explores the factors that contribute to the recidivism rate of juvenile offenders. Recidivism refers to a person s relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime. It explains the advantages and disadvantages that intervention programs, extracurricular activities, education and home and family life have on juvenile offendersRead MoreFetal Alcohol Disorder Research Paper1227 Words   |  5 Pagesentering and being taken advantage of by the criminal justice system. FASD results in permanent physical damage to a variety of critical structures in the brain during fetal development, directly affecting neurological and behavioural tendencies in adolescents (Brown et al., 2015). Specifically, FASD may affect the development of the corpus callosum, a structure directly responsible for communication between the left and right brain hemispheres (Brown et al., 2015). A juvenile with damage to this structureRead MoreCriminal Crime : A Crime, Assault, Burglary, And Assault1476 Words   |  6 Pagesburglary, and attack† (Legal Dictionary). According to the Uniform Crime Report, property crime is number one of the crimes committed by persons under the age of 18. Property crime is also high in numbers for children age 15 and under. Although juveniles arrested for violent crimes have decreased from 2013 to 2014 by 3.8 percent, these crimes are still being committed (Uniform Crime Report, 2014). It is of society’s declaration that any individual who perpetrates a felony crime needs to be arraignedRead MoreThe Causes Of Juvenile Delinquency1172 Words   |  5 Pages Juvenile delinquents are children/adolescents that are between the ages of 10 and 18 and have committed any illegal act that violates the law. These acts arent usually referred to as â€Å"crimes† as they would be for adults. These â€Å"crimes† are committed by minors and are called â€Å"delinquent acts.† These delinquent acts are believed to be caused by a number of factors that include the minors brain development, environment and social interactions. Peer groups are a very strong influence that can cause

RFID in Logistic and Supply Chain †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the RFID in Logistic and Supply Chain. Answer: Introduction: In the FMGC sector (fast moving consumer goods), it is required to count the products numerous times while in the manufacturing process. However previously it was managed manually altogether. Now with the integration of the RFID tag, now it is possible to count the products within second and that too very accurately (Reyes, Li and Visich 2016). In contrast to the traditional barcode, RFID tag can store far more information about the products. The data is provided in the real time which helps in accurate planning and faster decision implementations (Buyurgan, Landry and Philippe 2014). Previously in order to scan the product and record that information product has to be in line-of site as barcode does not work without being in line-of-site. However with RFID it is possible to scan the products automatically irrespective of the location of the product (Fan et al. 2014). The manufacturers are not being able to draw significant revenue as they are finding it difficult to witness any short-term gain by integrating the RFID technology in the packaging and the distribution systems (Papadopoulos et al. 2016). Most of the RFID tag follows EPC (electronic product code) standard which only contain the serial number of the product. Data base links this serial number to other associated information which has to be processed further to get the required information about the product itself. However, the task of Data synchronization, integration, transformation, and communication is huge barriers in making the technology effective for the organization (Ahson and Ilyas 2017). Lack of standards: The RFID being relatively new technology, there are lack of proper standards available which hinders the widespread adoption of the technology for organizations (Tsao, Linh and Lu 2017). RFID tags collect information about the product and send this information remotely which is interpreted by the RFID reader. It is of a major concern that as the consumers purchase the products that have the RFID tags, there is a possibility that the items will be continuously tracked, even after purchased by the consumers (Turri, Smith and Kopp 2017). Hence there is a possibility of violation of the consumers privacy. With the introduction of the RFID technology, there have been significant changes in the way the packaging and the product distribution used to be managed by the manufacturers (Brody, Sabbagha and Sand 2014). RFID technology helps in smart packaging. In the FMGC sector, packaging plays an important role as the product has to be very fresh and needs to be delivered to the retailer stores in quick time. However it is not easy to keep track of the items whether they have been packed or not. The task of managing the packaging process becomes very difficult as the packaging has to be very first and at the same time the accuracy has to be maintained as well. With RFID, the items can be tracked and it is also possible to know the status of the packaging. The process can be completed remotely without knowing the actual physical location of the item. This brings more accuracy and effectiveness in the packaging. Organizations around the world use shipping containers for transporting large amount of cargo. Now it has always been difficult to keep track of the containers along the supply chain. However with the RFID tagging, the containers are easily identified throughout the supply chain, thus bringing more efficiency and productivity in the shipping process (Brody, Sabbagha and Sand 2014). However the process of integrating RFID technology in the logistic and supply chain management to manage the packaging and shipping is considered to be a complex and knowledge intensive process. In order to successfully use the technology, skilled and trained people are required which means that the company has to extend the work force and if required need to replace as well. It may act as a threat for the internal employees. The data that are sent by the RFID tag needs to be carefully analysed and for that advanced and efficient data analytics techniques are required. In order to implement the data analytics system the company might have to change the existing computing architecture as traditional computing architecture does not support the infrastructure used for advanced computing like cloud computing and big data analytics which must be incorporated into the organizational architecture to adopt the RFID technology (Turri, Smith and Kopp 2017). Changes due to RFID in distribution: According to the article mentioned above, RFID technology is also beneficial for managing the distribution process. When the product arrives at the distribution centre the product register itself at the entry with the RFID read-write equipmentinstalled at the entry gate. The information is then sent to the data center of the manufacturers indicating the product has been distributed at the distribution center. The process not only makes the delivery fast, but also improves efficiency and accuracy in the distribution process itself. The overall distribution cost is also reduced. The implementation of RFID ill significantly influence the financial structure of the organization. The Organization needs to invest heavily in the labours as more and more people were needed to manage the task of tracking product in the in the shipment and the distribution phase. With the RFID implementation U.S. economy is expected to save around US$500 billion annually, exclusively through RFIDs advanced supply management capabilities (Shin and Eksioglu 2015). Still the organization has to invest heavily in training people and upgrading the computing infrastructure which makes the technology more costly. . According to a survey conducted by Accenture, a multinational IT company, the price factor is one of the two major reasons that the organization has not opted for the technology in full phase (Accenture.com 2018). Some reports has favored the benefits that RFID brings in the shipment and the distribution process, while some reports are more concerned about the price tag. The rep orts which have criticized the RFID technology in the basis of cost, has pointed out that technology irrespective of the benefits does not make sense if the manufacturers cannot afford it. However organizations which are adopting the technology are only opting for the tagging pallets and cases, not the item level tracking which is necessary to realize the full benefits of the technology. The range of current passive tag various from US$0.15 to US$0.75, excluding the purchase of the volume tags which impacts the cost significantly. References: Accenture.com. (2018).RFID: A nexus of #CustomerExperience, Profitability and #Technology. | Read the latest idea at the intersection of business technology #BizTech #cx. [online] Available at: https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/blogs-rfid-customer-experience-profitability-technology [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018]. Ahson, S.A. and Ilyas, M., 2017.RFID handbook: applications, technology, security, and privacy. CRC press. Bhuptani, M. and Moradpour, S., 2005.RFID field guide: deploying radio frequency identification systems. Prentice Hall PTR. Brody, A.L., Sabbagha, F. and Sand, C.K., 2014. Radio Frequency Identificationin Packaging: Part 2. Buyurgan, N., Landry, S. and Philippe, R., 2014. The value of RFID benefits vs. costs.RFID adoption in healthcare and ROI analysis, pp.89-90. Fan, T.J., Chang, X.Y., Gu, C.H., Yi, J.J. and Deng, S., 2014. Benefits of RFID technology for reducing inventory shrinkage.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.659-665. Papadopoulos, T., Gunasekaran, A., Dubey, R. and Balta, M., 2016. Big Data and RFID in Supply Chain and Logistics Management: A Review of the Literature.Supply Chain Management in the Big Data Era, p.108. Piramuthu, S. and Zhou, W., 2016.RFID and sensor network automation in the food industry: ensuring quality and safety through supply chain visibility. John Wiley Sons. Reyes, P.M., Li, S. and Visich, J.K., 2016. Determinants of RFID adoption stage and perceived benefits.European Journal of Operational Research,254(3), pp.801-812. Shin, S. and Eksioglu, B., 2015. An empirical study of RFID productivity in the US retail supply chain.International Journal of Production Economics,163, pp.89-96. Tsao, Y.C., Linh, V.T. and Lu, J.C., 2017. Closed-loop supply chain network designs considering RFID adoption.Computers Industrial Engineering,113, pp.716-726. Turri, A.M., Smith, R.J. and Kopp, S.W., 2017. Privacy and RFID technology: a review of regulatory efforts.Journal of Consumer Affairs,51(2), pp.329-354.

The Historical, Present, and Future Perspectives of the Social Security Program in the US

The concept of social security system is complex, although understandable under rigorous exertion. Various socioeconomic factors inspired the concept of social security system. This essay discusses the historical, present, and future perspectives of the social security program in the US.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Historical, Present, and Future Perspectives of the Social Security Program in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The starting point of Social Security lies in anticipation of how an individual or a family sustains income when age encroaches, or disability jeopardizes the capacity to work, when a wage earner dies, or when an employer encounters involuntary unemployment (DeWitt, 2010, p. 1). Every society, through history, encountered this challenge often and developed various strategies to address this issue. The diverse strategies intended to solve this problem were based on the inte rplay of individual and collective efforts. Private insurance provided a historical basis for Social Security. In the seventeenth century, private insurance was the chief way that the affluent protected their assets, particularly real property. Nevertheless, the notion of insuring against consistent economic hazards and threats was established in the late nineteenth century in a model of social insurance. Social insurance in contemporary industrial societies offers an avenue for mitigating setbacks of economic security. The ideology of social insurance is that, people contribute into a fund scheme controlled by the government, which it uses to reimburse individuals when they become unable to sustain themselves. The U.S. social security system benefits are weighted to allow individuals with lower earnings get higher benefit relative to those with higher incomes. Thus, the system provides progressivity regarding benefits. At the onset of the industrial revolution, the demand for a wor king social security was inevitable. In preindustrial era, most Americans depended on land for self-employment as farmers, artisans, and laborers (DeWitt, 2010, p. 2). They lived in extended families, which provided the principal form of economic security for unproductive members. Economic security was not a threatening issue in preindustrial America because for people did not live for long due to poor healthcare systems and living habits. Nevertheless, with industrialization came prolonged life expectancy; therefore, the need for new and dynamic strategies for reliable economic security became a necessity.Advertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aforementioned transformation led to the development of many programs to maintain social security of individuals who due to old age or disability reached an endpoint of productivity. The last decade of the nineteenth century saw the co nception of Civil War Pension program. DeWitt (2010) observes that, the federal government started to pay benefits to Union War veterans and their living families about the commencement of war (3). The Civil War pension scheme became a genuine social insurance program by the end of the 19th century. This program was valid until 2003 when the last surviving widow of Civil War veteran passed on. In January 17, 1935, the Economic Security Act was proposed and presented to Congress for discussion, which culminated into its enactment into law on August 14, 1935 (DeWitt, 2010, p. 4). Currently, this law is termed as the Social Security, which consists of seven distinct programs. The aforementioned Social Security Act inspired the initial payroll taxes in 1937 and the 1942 introduction of monthly benefits. This represented a form of a vesting period during which the least amount of work will be prerequisite to monthly benefits qualification. In addition, this period provided time to accumu late some level of reserves in the program’s account prior to flow of payments to recipients (DeWitt, 2010, p. 7). The Social Security program, following its conception, was more sensible compared to the current system. The original program reimbursed two types of one-time, huge benefit. An individual approaching age 65 then, would be entitled to payment worth 3.5 percent of his/her covered income, while deceased employee’s estate would get a death benefit computed in a similar manner. Therefore, I would ensure the future of the social security program by adopting the initial strategies, which worked satisfactorily for the benefit of all people. Reference DeWitt, L. (2010). The Development of Social Security in America. Social Security Bulletin , 70(3), 1-27. Retrived from web. This assessment on The Historical, Present, and Future Perspectives of the Social Security Program in the US was written and submitted by user Izaiah R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ethnography Proposal Essays

Ethnography Proposal Essays Ethnography Proposal Essay Ethnography Proposal Essay In my descriptive anthropology I’m traveling to analyze a cafe concatenation. such as Starbucks. I will be detecting every bit good as socialising in effort to compare and contrast multiple features one must hold to confront in working in such an environment. At Starbucks the Baristas must hold a echt cheerful personality to each client. I would wish to analyze a locally owned java house every bit good to compare the different environments and how 1 might maintain a little concern afloat when we have such big ironss. I will be detecting the interactions that the Barista have with each client and how he/she will manage that client. I plan to see at least two separate java houses that are comparatively close to one another and will inquire several clients from each store why they chose each java house. I will pass approximately two to three hours at both houses at around the same clip of the twenty-four hours. I will be sitting with a notebook to take notes on what I’m detecting. I may besides include a brief interview with at least one barista. in which I program to near with a simple inquiry inquiring if I could hold a minute of their clip to reply a few inquiries about their work environment. Questions will non be intrusive in any I am looking for more generic replies as to how they like working for chain/independent java houses. The ground I have chosen to analyze this group is because I want to calculate out how a little concern can vie with a big concatenation such as Starbucks. Everywhere one go one see a Starbucks and most schoolmates would wish to run into at a Starbucks so one can detect the different occasions people come in besides acquiring a cup of java. Besides caffeine is the universes most popular stimulate and four out of every five Americans drink java at any given clip. Some jobs i will confront in my research will be clocking. When is the best clip to come in and detect? How long will i be at that place for? I tend to detect by experience that java stores hit off at certain times of the twenty-four hours and are really empty at others. Where the java store is located will be a factor as good. Some inquiries i had about my survey is. I’m non certain who i should tilt my survey towards. would it be more hard to look at clients or at the employers. Besides should i be comparing separate java houses or merely lodging to one?

Contrasts between Public and Private Organizations With Special Essay

Contrasts between Public and Private Organizations With Special Reference to Activity Management Practices - Essay Example The over whelming acceptance of the first assumption is often triggered in the absence of analytical studies of culture, operational requirements and difference of focus and approach in public and private sector organizations. There is an increased awareness at all levels of public administration to bridge the gap between the effectiveness and efficiency of a public and private organization. The awareness has given rise to comparative studies which can surface more logical and methodical approaches and technologies that can be useful to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public sector organizations. Theory of Activity Management practices has recently got huge focus in this connection and many researchers have critically analyzed the adoption trends of this theory in public and private sector organizations. Baird, K. (2007) has also described the critical analysis of the theory from public sector organizations perspective as the basis of his article, â€Å"The study address es the gap in the literature examining the adoption of activity management practices in the public sector.† ... Gosselin defines Activity Analysis as process that is, â€Å"consists of identifying the activities and procedures carried out to convert material, labour and other resources into outputs† (Cited in Baird, 2007). Koopmans (1970) describes AA in these words, â€Å"Activity Analysis is concerned with the construction of the conceptual models to study and appraise criteria, rules, and practices for the allocation of resources.† The definition of Activity Analysis delimits boundaries for various resources in the organization. The actual contribution of a resource toward the final production of the service or product is the basic criteria which sets these boundaries. Therefore, the importance of human resource or a material can be described in terms of its role in the process of production. If a resource does not have any impact on the productivity or have least effect on it, it should be allocated with minimal or no resources at all. The exclusion of this resource from reso urce allocation is a step towards efficient and effective cost management of the resources which ultimately contributes towards the organizational effectiveness and efficiency. This efficiency, however, must not cause the reduction of any other production variable. â€Å"A combination of activities is called efficient if it does not permit increasing any net output without decreasing another, within the given limitations or primary factors.† (Koopmans). Therefore, despite being necessary, the decision of exclusion for a resource can only be efficient if every possible result is foresighted in terms of productivity and cost. However, the behavior towards inefficient resource management is usually different in public and

Critically discuss some of the ways in which a range of childrens Essay

Critically discuss some of the ways in which a range of childrens services can be shaped by the participation of children. What is the role of the practitioner in enabling participation - Essay Example Indeed, listen to young people and children can play a very important role in the planning, commissioning, and delivery of children services. One way of improving various children’s services by participation of children is, according to Foley & Leverett (2008), listening to children’s views and considering them as part of decision-making. Apparently, children are considered to have ideas and views that are unique to their experience; this means that their contribution to decision-making is critical and legitimate. For instance, in order to improve children’s educational standards and opportunities, it would be prudent to listen to their ideas and views with regards to which teaching methods they think would best work for them, what factors result in truancy and school dropouts, how to better promote inclusion of girls, how to improve attendance rates, whether or not the curriculum is relevant, and how to better ensure effective discipline and good behaviour. Further, children can also participate in improve their services through advocacy, peer representation, evaluation of services that are meant for them, use of media and publicity, managing their own institutions, for instance, schools, and analysis and development of policy (Wright et al. 2006). For this participation to be successful and useful, it is important that their involvement is directly linked to their own experience-first hand. It is the role and duty of practitioners to enable the participation of children, by directly working with them through listening and responding to their voices. Further, it is also the role of practitioners to provide favourable environments where all young children can feel safe, powerful and confident; this will ensure that the children have the space and time to express their ideas and opinion in the form that best suits them. In fact, it is

Kelloggs The Worlds Leading Breakfast Food Manufacturing Business Marketing Essay

Kelloggs The Worlds Leading Breakfast Food Manufacturing Business Marketing Essay Introduction Kelloggs company formed in 1906 became worlds leading breakfast food manufacturing business. Well known for its brand of cereals, Kelloggs had thirty per cent (30 %) share of the breakfast food market in the world. Kelloggs has its main market in United States, Canada and Australia. Fruit Loops, Frosted Mini-Wheat, Corn Flakes and Corn Pops are the most popular products by Kelloggs (Kelloggs, 2011). Marketing strategy can be defined as the plan of actions targeted to a certain group of people for whom the products are made, to make an image of the products in the minds of these people. Usually big companies spend a lot of funds on their marketing research in order to come up with ideas of formulating a marketing plan (Grant, 2010). Kelloggs follow its marketing strategies in a vey clear way. It has targeted its customers and tries to retain the share it has in the market currently. Kelloggs company has its mission and vision very clearly stated which it follows in its marketing plan as well (Boyer and Hult, 2005). Kelloggs Competition The market for the breakfast food has a oligopolistic nature and therefore there are few number of companies and all enjoy a big chunk of market share. These companies include Kelloggs, General Mills, Quaker Oats and Post. Due to nature of the market, there is a very less price wars among the companies. Among these companies only Kelloggs is the one who deals in only cereals, other companies have diversified in other types of food as well. Therefore Kelloggs made its focus on just the cereals and gained its revenues out it. Kelloggs SWOT Analysis Strengths One of the biggest strengths of Kelloggs is that it has existed in the market for over hundred years because of which people recognize its name and it carries a very strong brand recall as well as high brand awareness. Maximum share occupation in the market of approximately 42% globally which is almost thrice of its competitors. A very large range of well managed products. An image in the market of healthy and nutritious food products Kelloggs has an image of good corporate social organization, because of its recent campaign of share your meal with Kelloggs it has gained a good perception in consumers mind. This campaign was about sharing the breakfast pictures with the company and the company will save money on photography with which it will give charity to poor for breakfast (Rave Reviews, 2011). Weaknesses There are low barriers to entry in the market The products produced by Kelloggs need extensions or upgrading because of the facts that they have not launched any new product in last four years due to which all of the products are in their maturity phase, soon to enter into declining phase. Soon the costs of production is expected to go high due to the increase in the utility rates because of which the prices will have to be increase, jeopardizing the market share. Due to lack of diversification, it is expected that Kelloggs might loose its market the same way its share is getting low in US market. Opportunities Kelloggs can extend and diversify its range of products by launching new flavours or changing the packaging style etc. Kelloggs has the potential to capture the new markets as well which are still left un exploited. Kelloggs has a chance to take over the small companies dealing in breakfast food stuff which will benefit Kelloggs by increasing its production capacity. Threats Because of low barriers new entrants are entering posing competitive threat to Kelloggs. Increase in the utilities which in turn are increasing the production cost for Kelloggs. The price wars between the market giants and the Kelloggs. Cheaper technology giving ease to new entrants to enter into the market. Kelloggs Competitive Edge Kelloggs has its competitive edge in the market because of its experience of years, it has been in the market since 1906 which makes it more than hundred years in the industry because of which it has strongest brand identity among all breakfast food sector. Researches prove that people when asked about a company which comes in their mind on listening the word cereal, they replied with Kelloggs. This has helped Kelloggs to gather a huge number of loyal customers who might prove to be an asset even if the prices goes up, they will remain customers of Kelloggs (Kelloggs Company, 2010). Kelloggs has another competitive edge which it utilizes in its operations; it is strategic planning of business. Kelloggs top management as well as the lower staff is well integrated through the strategic planning and get well coordinated in their actions because of it which results in effective and efficient operational outcomes. This not only helps the management to take correct decisions at exact time but also helps them to maintain the relations with their customers effectively (Kelloggs, 2011). Another competitive advantage that Kelloggs enjoys is that the market for breakfast food follows Oligopoly concept of economics, there are few players in the market amongst whom Kelloggs has the top position with the highest market share both company wise and the product wise. Kelloggs Targeting and Positioning Targeting deals with the selection of a certain segments of population and then choosing one or two out of them to cater to the needs of people belonging to those segments (Applbaum, 2004). Kelloggs has its target segments into different categories the major two are discussed below. Kids Kelloggs has targeted its few products for Kids giving an impression of healthy food before starting the day and leaving for school. The age range to which Kelloggs cater to in Kids category is between 4 years to 10 years (Brand Republic, 2002). Health Conscious People Kelloggs has always maintained an image of healthy and nutritious food manufacturers in the market and therefore its target market also incorporates people who are health conscious and want to maintain their weight and shape. To ensure that such image is maintained in the market, Kelloggs started showing its ingredients and nutritional values on their products packaging. Kelloggs Positioning Strategy Kelloggs has positioned itself differently in different countries throughout the world. In the places where Kelloggs has a strong market share or has been operating for a long time has positioned itself an expensive healthy food, such strategy is followed in places like United States and United Kingdom. In places like India or Taiwan, where Kelloggs is a new brand and is in the stage of attracting customers, it has launched itself on relatively lower prices but has maintained the quality of product at the same par (New York Times, 1994). Kelloggs Marketing Strategy Kelloggs is following currently many marketing and promotional strategies, some of these promotional strategies are discussed below Free in the Box Kelloggs Free in the box offer includes coupons of $3 to $5 attached on the marked boxes of products. Internet Kelloggs has many internet campaigns currently which includes a game of racing cars introduced for kids in which there is the life line of Kelloggs and picking up Kelloggs boxes increases the points of the player. Another internet based promotional technique is that on playing games and collecting points, winner gets gift hampers from Kelloggs including Kelloggs products to attract the kids towards itself. Movie Tickets Another offer valid in Kelloggs products is just to fill the form available at the back of the products, mail it to the given P.O Box no and receive free movie tickets. Kelloggs has the largest share in the market, but because of the low barriers to enter, Kelloggs might face some troubles retaining such share so Kelloggs is left with the option of focussing on the fourth (4th) P of Marketing Mix. Recommendations There is always a room for improvement and recommendations in the operations of a business, therefore some of the recommendations which Kelloggs can follow and which might bring some good change in their efficiency and results are discussed below. Kelloggs cost has been increasing due to increase in utility rates; to cut down its cost it can shift its production plant to country with low labour cost like china. Kelloggs has potential to capture new markets which are un-exploited still by other competitors as well. This will help it to increase its market share as well share in the capital. Kelloggs has been able to retain its loyal customers because of its efficient strategic planning but Kelloggs should plan its marketing plan in such a way that their loyal customers should suggest the brand to others too, this needs some research in the marketing department. Kelloggs has been there in the market for over hundred years but still it should start a campaign of word of mouth through some tactical marketing move, as it is proven by researches that word of mouth increases sales. Kelloggs products have reached their maturity level and needs some kind of upgrading and changes, the market still is high and demands for cereals and ready to eat food stuff therefore Kelloggs can take advantage of the fact and just by changing the packaging or adding new flavours it can increase its market share and shift its products graph towards developing stage again. Because of low barriers to enter, new entrants are entering and posing competition to Kelloggs. Kelloggs should take over the few small companies dealing in the same market. As Kelloggs targets towards children through its products, it should organize such events where the characters endorsing the Kelloggs products in advertisements can play and conduct some fun activities amongst children and their mothers. Kelloggs should target schools as well, through in-school marketing, children adapt more and put a pressure on their parents to use the same product they have seen other friends using at the school. Kelloggs no matter has been the market leader for quite a time but still to maintain the same position it should come up with new products with new creative and innovative ideas. In some of the countries where culture plays an important role, Kelloggs should target through cultural events and occasions. At the time of religious festivities, there should be some new schemes and campaigns like at the time of Christmas for Christians, Eid for Muslims and Easters and Divali for Hindus. Kelloggs has indirect competition too so to overcome that; it should market itself in such a way as to prevent its customers from shifting to substitutes like indirect competitors. Kelloggs should introduce toys and stationary for kids with the brand identity of the rabbit and bear characters it shows in the advertisements. This will increase the brand awareness and the kids will get emotionally attached to the characters in shape of their toys and would pressurise their parents to make purchase of the same item. Kelloggs should once a year launch a cartoon movie including all he characters of its products showing them healthy and in positive light using Kelloggs products. Such advertising techniques have always been successful in the past. Kelloggs spend a big amount on its marketing and advertising, it should use the celebrity endorsements as well because people tend to copy the celebrities more rather than the athletes that Kelloggs have been showing in its advertisements. Internet marketing through social networking has taken a surge suddenly, Kelloggs should outsource such promotional activities and should work on it in order to attract people using these mediums. Conclusion Kelloggs has been in the market for more than hundred years. It is very difficult for any other company to take the position of Kelloggs in the market and therefore Kelloggs enjoys its position but yet it deals and takes care of all the issues that might jeopardise the position it holds in the market. Managing the operations in a strategic way and planning the marketing tactics in such a way that it maintains the market share and retains its loyal customers by providing them the best and healthy food, coming up to the expectations of the customers.